What is the Exchange Server system requirement for installing the database role?

The database role in Exchange Server requires a Windows Server environment that includes Active Directory and the necessary roles and features properly installed. This is because Exchange relies on Active Directory for various functions, including user authentication, mail routing, and other critical directory-related services.

By having Active Directory in place, Exchange Server can effectively manage mailboxes, connection to other Exchange servers, and integration with other services. Additionally, certain Windows Server roles and features, such as the .NET Framework and Windows Server roles for SMTP, are essential to ensure optimal performance and functionality of the Exchange Server database.

This integration with Active Directory ensures that the Exchange system can leverage the directory services for user management, security, and resource allocation, which is critical for maintaining a robust and secure email environment. The other choices do not meet these requirements; for instance, Windows 10 is not designed for server roles, and minimal feature installations do not align with Exchange Server's operational needs.